In the networking world in general this is also one of the most exciting and dynamic topic of all. All attacks and mitigation techniques assume a switched ethernet network running ipv4. All attacks and mitigation techniques assume a switched ethernet network running ip if it is a shared ethernet access wlan, hub, etc most of these attacks get much easier if you are not using ethernet as your l2 protocol, some of these attacks may not work, but chances are, you are vulnerable to different types of attacks. Switches, routers and software, powered for the first time by a breakthrough piece of silicon. Jun 14, 2011 application layer attacks includes lowandslow attacks, getpost floods, attacks that target apache, windows or openbsd vulnerabilities and more. There are many more, and some attacks probably havent been used or discovered yet. Nov 24, 2017 network security has become a concern with the rapid growth and expansion of the internet. Guidance and recommendations regarding logical attacks on atms. We were tired of doing always the same layer 2 attacks arp poisoning, cam flooding. Preventing layer 2 attacks these days the ethernet switches have literally replaced the shared media hubs especially in the large corporations. If an initial attack comes in at layer 2, the whole network can be.
Layer 7 attacks are especially complex, stealthy, and difficult to detect because they resemble legitimate website traffic. Even simple layer 7 attacksfor example those targeting login pages with random user. Rethinking the division of labor by nir solomon final project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the m. Each mac address is a unique series of numbers, similar to serial numbers or lan ip addresses. Mitigating layer 2 attacks ip arp inspection logbuffer to congure the number of buffers and the number of entries needed in the specied interval to generate system messages. Mitigation tighten up trunk configurations and the negotiation state of unused ports. Pdf securing layer 2 in local area networks researchgate. Check the innovations, events and activities happening across the globe this week. The method of dividing a single layer 2 network to multiple broadcast domains so that traffic of those different broadcast domains flow independently without colliding each other in that same layer 2 network is called virtual local area networksvlan. A good security plan should account for all layers, from layer 1 through layer 7. Next, she addresses layer 2 attacks and techniques to secure cisco switches. Layer 2 attacks arp spoofing mac attacks dhcp attacks vlan hopping. Each type may be matched with the best f5 technology for mitigating that attack. Instructor the network layer, or layer three handles addressing and routing.
Unlike hubs, switches cannot regulate the flow of data between their ports by creating almost instant networks that contain only the two end devices communicating with each other. Amplitudemodulated emi attacks modulate an attack signal on a carrier within the frequency band to which the victims analog sensors respond. Unlike hubs, switches cannot regulate the flow of data between their ports by creating almost. Attacks at the data link layer abstract intrusion detection systems usually operate at layer 3 or above on the tcpip stack because layer 2 protocols in local area networks are trusted. The true work of the network security engineer is to learn where the next attack will originate and determine how to mitigate itbefore the attack occurs, or as soon as it does. Attacks at the data link layer university of california. Although existing research has thoroughly addressed singlelayer attacks, to the best of our knowledge the problem of detecting and mitigating crosslayer attacks still remains unsolved. Protecting yourself with application layer web security is the first step in fighting against this growing trend. While layer 2 is considered a less novel platform for attacks, layer 2 attacks continue to trouble our networked systems. Introduction this memorandum aims to describe the list of security threats and counter measure that might be identified on an 802.
Chapter 2 mitigating the risk of atm logical and malware attacks, setting up lines of defence a layered approach, the four lines of defence a layered approach is recommended to protect atms from. Learning to detect and mitigate crosslayer attacks in. Mitigating ddos attacks with f5 technology distributed denialofservice attacks may be organized by type into a taxonomy that includes network attacks layers 3 and 4, session attacks layers 5 and 6, application attacks layer 7, and business logic attacks. Years before only big websites and web applications got attacked but nowadays also rather small and medium companies or institutions get attacked. However, the discussio n in 1 is mainly on layer 3 attacks only. Mitigating ddos attacks with f5 technology f5 technical. We were tired of check that, very often, routers and switches configuration are poorly set up and rarely hardened. Mitigating ddos attacks with f5 technology f5 technical brief. Common layer 2 attacks my journey into network security. These countermeasures or mitigation techniques can be categorized into two. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. It defines how data packets are to be formatted for transmission and routings. For this reason, in this paper we propose a novel framework to analyze and address.
When it comes to networking, layer 2 can be a very weak link. Mitigating ddos attacks by partnering with a managed. Types of layer 2switch security attacks, and mitigation steps in brief. Multivector attack campaigns also increasingly leverage nondos, web application logic attacks. The dhcp server on the network will receive this message and respond with a dhcp offer the host will receive this message and in return will send back a dhcp request which basically tells the dhcp server that it is happy with the ip address it has been offered. Arp poisoning and a new ddos attack on the controller, both implemented by us. We were tired of watching the same interesting packets flowing in our customers networks and not being able to play with them. It turns out that when the capacity of the mac layer queue is one, a single attacker cannot take down the can system. When a layer 2 switch receives a frame, the switch looks in the cam table for the destination mac address. Modification of the arp cache expiration time on all end systems are required as well as static arp entries. There are several ways to mitigate these types of attacks.
Understanding, preventing, and defending against layer 2. Examples of such attacks include jamming of the physical layer, disruption of the medium access control layer coordination packets, attacks against the routing infrastructure. Pdf mitigating address spoofing attacks in hybrid sdn. The spanning tree protocol stp is used on lanswitched networks. Mitigating byzantine attacks in ad hoc wireless networks. Mitigating networklayer security attacks on authentication. We provide an overview of layer 2 attacks in openflow. All attacks and mitigation techniques assume a switched ethernet network running ip. It operates at the physical and transport layer in the osi model cisco, 2002.
With a significant percentage of network attacks originating inside the corporate firewall, exploring this soft underbelly of data networking is critical for any secure network design. When a host connects to a network it will send a dhcp discovery message broadcast asking for an ip address. The network interface layer, commonly referred to as the data link layer, is the physical interface between the host system and the network hardware. Mitigation of dhcp starvation attack sciencedirect. With a network that lets them generate and protect terabits of data, this centuriesold port became one of the worlds. The protocols that are used in this layer include ip, ipsec, and icmp.
Replay attack vulnerabilities and mitigation strategies. For this reason, in this paper we propose a novel framework to analyze and address crosslayer attacks in wireless networks. If it is a shared ethernet access wlan, hub, etc most of these attacks get. Holddown timers in the interface configuration menu can be used to mitigate arp spoofing attacks by setting the length of time an entry will stay in the arp cache. Since the frequency of the emi signal can match to the resonant frequency of a sensor, a successful attack requires a lower transmission power than baseband emi attacks. This article takes a look at some of the most common layer 2 attacks and how they operate. Nowadays, web servers are suffering from application layer distributed denial of service ddos attacks, to which network layer solutions is not applicable as attackers are indistinguishable based on packets or protocols. Even simple layer 7 attacks for example those targeting login pages with random user. This article has examined only a few of the most common layer 2 attacks. Applying security policies to network switches deniz kaya microsoft, cisco, ironport trainer ccsi, ccnp, mct, mcse, icsi, icsp. These layer 7 attacks, in contrast to network layer attacks such as dns amplification, are particularly effective due to their. It is massive, crowded, and intrinsically insecure. The reason why they are so damaging is because application level attacks can actually destroy or severely damage server, application, and database resources. Mitigating cloud vulnerabilities while careful cloud adoption can enhance an organizations security posture, cloud services can introduce risks that organizations should understand and address both during the procurement process and while operating in the cloud.
A manufacturer should not have two devices with the same mac address. Editorial supplied by radware is independent of gartner analysis. By encrypting the traffic masking these advanced attacks, they often pass through both ddos and web application protections undetected. Routers operate in layer three and some of the main functions of a router are path selection and packet forwarding. Attack mitigation options for attack type application layer 7 data message and packet creation begins. All attacks and mitigation techniques assume a switched ethernet. Lisa bock, a security ambassador, explains the difference between the control, data, and management planes in networking, and provides to an overview of layer 3 attacks and techniques for securing cisco routers. Understanding, preventing, and defending against layer 2 attacks. As the switch uses mac addresses to forward the network traffic, arp is used whenever a endpoint host tries. First, layer 2 devices, unlike routers, are not designed for security. Layer 2 attacks and mitigation techniques session focuses on the security issues surrounding layer 2, the datalink layer. The tools listed out in this paper can therefore be used for carrying out attacks as part of. Layer 2 switching attacks and mitigation from networker, december 2002 1. Mitigating application layer distributed denial of service.
Layer 7 ddos attack a layer 7 ddos attack is an attack structured to overload specific elements of an application server infrastructure. Id on packets encapsulated for trunking, an attacking device can send or receive packets on various vlans, bypassing layer 3 security measures. Pdf tools for attacking layer 2 network infrastructure. We implement a testbed using can transceivers and perform tests of the protocolcompliant dos attacks on the testbed. Securing arp and dhcp for mitigating link layer attacks. Switch security attacks are the most popular topic in the switch layer 2 security. The ability and usefulness of the ethernet switch lies in its ability to memorize the mac address of each of the ports connected to it, so that any frame which enters the switch, can be. However, similar to detection, under chen attack and all types of ap attacks, neural cleanse cannot identify the infected label and thus fails in the mitigation phase.
We were tired of doing always the same layer 2 attacks arp. Types of layer 2switch security attacks, and mitigation. Mitigating networklayer security attacks on authenticationenhanced openice conference paper pdf available june 2018 with 167 reads how we measure reads. Cisco device security is surely one of the most interesting topics in the whole cisco world. In this section, we survey existing countermeasures found in the literature to protect against dhcp starvation attacks. Comprised of seemingly legitimate and innocent requests, the goal of these attacks is to crash the web server, and the magnitude is measured in requests per second rps. Layer 2 attacks and mitigation techniques for the cisco catalyst. All attacks and mitigation techniques assume a switched ethernet network running ip if it is a shared ethernet access wlan, hub, etc most of these attacks get much easier if you are not using ethernet as your l2 protocol, some of these attacks may not work, but. Network security measures to protect data during their transmission. Some layer three attacks are passive, such as sniffing or scanning. Attacks at the data link layer university of california, davis. The most obvious attack vector for any replay attack is the internet.